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For example in the sentence:

Outcome measures for this study include three-year-survival rate and relapse.

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4 Answers

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"Outcome measures" does not translate easily. One possibility is:

Das Ergebnis wurde anhand von ... bestimmt."

In a medical study - as it seems to be the case here - we can replace "Ergebnis" by a more precise "Behandlungsergebnis" or "Therapieerfolg".

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+1 for "Ergebnis(se)", which may be specified further – feeela Sep 15 '11 at 19:55
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Ich würde "Metriken" für "measures" vorschlagen. In der Summe vielleicht "Ergebnismetriken".

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Note that "Metrik" may be something else:duden.de/rechtschreibung/Metrik – Takkat♦ Sep 17 '11 at 14:40
Good point, I hadn't thought of that. – elena Sep 19 '11 at 14:33
@elena: It sounded good to me at first, too, but I think I was confused because it sounded so much like the English metrics, which can be used that way, and I knew it was a valid German word - it took me a while to remember that as a German word it means a different thing. – Cass Sep 19 '11 at 14:59
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The most common german term for this seems

Ergebnisgröße (Vernacular Title)

and means a (measurement) quantity to judge the result, not a result itself. It's not only used in medical studies. Similar to output quantity, it's a quantity to evaluate something. For example in a clinical study, an outcome measure could be Patientenzufriedenheit, Gelenkbeweglichkeit (nach Anwendung einer neuen Operationsmethode, die evaluiert und mit anderen verglichen werden muss), Rückfallquote (bei neuen Suchttherapien)... So these are quantities you define yourself in the context of a specific study/meta-study and also how these quantities are measured exactly (Operationalization problem). There are a thousand ways to measure Patientenzufriedenheit, so it's crucial to find an objective one, while something like Blutdruck has a fixed and known method.

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Note that Ergebnisgröße at that link is the translation of outcome variable, not of outcome measure. (Maybe that doesn't matter.) – Hendrik Vogt Sep 21 '11 at 13:20
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As an alternative to Ergebnis for outcome (as suggested by Takkat and by Hauser) I propose Ziel. On Linguee I found the versions

Zielparameter, Zielkriterien, Zielgrößen

for outcome measures.

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