It can be reasoned by two meanings: place or time.
Examples for "place":
- anbauen: you put something there (either to grow sth. (put the seed/plants in the ground) or to mount (add another piece), German: etwas da heran bauen.
Examples for "time":
- ausbauen: you continue to build, means out out of a certain time until the end
- anbraten: you start to roast (the beginning, German: Anfang)
- ausbraten: you continue to roast, means out out of a certain time until the end
You see (especially with anbauen/anbraten) there is not logical rule which one is used, it has developed historically, you just have to learn the vocabulary. This answer just gives you a certain background for the reasons.