You are facing the problem of differentiating between strong, weak, and mixed declension of adjectives. I will illustrate the three forms with the adjective kalt and the plural noun Venen in accusative case.
Strong declension
The form kalte, which you think was correct, is called strong declension. It appears when there is no article or anotherother word declined like an adjective:
kalte Venen
In your example, however, the strong declension does not work, because the pronoun meine is also declined like an adjective.
Weak declension
The weak declension appears in connection with a definite article:
die kalten Venen
Mixed declension
Finally, when there is yet another adjective, or a word that is declined like an adjective (such as meine), then mixed declension is used:
meine kalten Venen
This is actually the form used in your example.