Kaneda, the mistake you made is an understandable one:
In the English
"... I see that you are in America"
the "that" can be ommitted:
"I see you are in America"
This might give the impression that "you are in America" can be treated as a unit, i.e. "the thing I see" = "you are in America". And this unit you transferred as a whole to German. Unfortunately it doesn't work like that.
Had it been
"I can see your location"
your strategy would have worked, because we have a real object here.
"Ich kann deinen Standort sehen"
A dass-clause behaves quite differently. In future, just remember that unlike the English "that" the German "dass" cannot be ommitted and that it requires restructuring the word order:
"Du bist in Amerika" -> "..., dass du in Amerika bist."
The "kann" part of your question:
"Kann" could be used in this sentence - just like in English "I can see that you are in America" makes sense. But it's not there in the original as it is now.
P.S.:
I'd forget the "corrections" introduced by your German friend entirely - most of them are horribly wrong and only lead to confusion.
[Side note: Three answers and no one noticed that "I read" is past tense? The German should be "Ich habe dein Profil gelesen".]