Ich möchte darlegen, wie schnell dieses Auto fährt.
Kann man auch sagen:
Ich möchte erklären, wie schnell dieses Auto fährt.
Was ist der Unterschied dazwischen und warum? Danke!
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Sign up to join this communityYes and no. The two words cannot be substituted for each other in general, but they can be on certain occasions.
"Erklären" describes the (maybe informal) act of actually explaining someone how something works. For example, "Ein Lehrer erklärt seinen Schülern, wie ein Motor funktioniert". In this sentence, "darlegen" would not be appropriate, since a teacher does not formally address his students. The same would be for friends.
"Darlegen" is a rather formal word, describing the act of showing (rather than explaining, since you expect the other person to understand what you are saying, without further need of explanation) the concrete nature of or opinion about a certain thing. For example, a lawyer or a scientist could use "darlegen" to show someone in a formal setting a certain strategy or idea in a point-by-point manner. "Des Weiteren werde ich darlegen, warum ich glaube, dass mein Mandant unschuldig ist." or "Um ein Verständnis für dieses System zu entwickeln, werde ich die einzelnen Schritte im Folgenden darlegen."
tl;dr: As a rule of thumb, I would suggest that you can and should use "darlegen" instead of "erklären" if it happens to be a very formal setting (lawyers, letters to government institutions etc.) and if you are not addressing someone in particular (e.g. a scientific research paper). "Erklären" could carry here a certain tone of belittlement. On the other hand, "erklären" or "zeigen" should be used in normal conversation, since "darlegen" could be interpreted as overly pretentious.
EDIT: source: German native speaker
"erklären" ist das normale Wort, "darlegen" eine gehobene Variante, die viel seltener gebraucht wird. In normaler Umgangssprache kaum gebraucht.