I know that gemein also means nasty or mean, but if we keep that aside for the time being, and consider only the meaning common, what's the difference between the two?
Are they perfectly interchangeable?
I know that gemein also means nasty or mean, but if we keep that aside for the time being, and consider only the meaning common, what's the difference between the two?
Are they perfectly interchangeable?
From Wiktionary:
Bedeutungen:
(1) ursprünglich: eine Eigenschaft, die Mehrere gemeinsam hatten, habend
Beispiele:
(1) all diesen Leuten ist die Muttersprache Deutsch gemein.
Duden lists a rather extensive description for usage of gemein:
(4) etwas mit jemandem, etwas gemein haben (mit jemandem, etwas etwas Gemeinsames, eine gemeinsame Eigenschaft haben, in bestimmter Weise zusammengehören: mit dem Vorgängermodell hat die Küche nur noch die ursprüngliche Form gemein) jemandem, einer Sache gemein sein (gehoben: mehreren Personen oder Sachen gemeinsam sein oder gehören: allen war die Liebe zur Musik gemein)
From Wiktionary:
Bedeutungen:
(1) mehreren Personen oder Sachen zugleich eigen
(2) in Gemeinschaft, zusammen mit mindestens einem AnderenBeispiele:
(1) Die beiden Länder verfolgen gemeinsame Interessen.
(2) Das Buch entstand in gemeinsamer Arbeit der Autoren.
Gemeinsam can usually be used in two ways:
Gemein is restricted to characteristics (Eigenschaften), similar to the first usage of gemeinsam:
In this case, you would be able to use both gemein and gemeinsam, but not interchangeably:
Example:
Allen ist die Liebe zur Musik gemein.
(This is more formal, more elegantly put)
changes to:
Alle haben die Liebe zur Musik gemeinsam.
(tends to be more common, colloquial)
This is at least how I feel sounds natural, but I might be mistaken.
Another Example:
One would say
Unsere gemeinsame Arbeit (work we've done together)
but not:
Unsere gemeine Arbeit
There is also another use for gemein:
sich mit jdm. gemein machen (to associate with sb. considered unsuitable, dict.cc)
It was used in a recent column on zeit.de:
Ein "Willkommensfest" für Flüchtlinge? Der Dresdener Polizeichef findet, das sei eine Provokation. Damit macht er sich gemein mit der Neuen Rechten.
I'm a total amateur when it comes to language, but I wanted to share my research anyway. There is a similar discussion thread on leo.org, but they don't seem to have found a satisfying answer either.
The comments already hinted at the various uses for gemein.
While in theory you could use gemein in many situations where gemeinsam fits, I would suggest to use gemeinsam. Gemein in this meaning is typically used in either old-fashioned, scientific, very formal or lyrical context, and has a slight tendency to be misinterpreted.
As noted in the comment, there are situations where gemeinsam cannot be replaced with gemein, for example everything that follows this pattern:
Wir machen etwas gemeinsam.
(Can somebody provide the grammatical term?)
gemein means (beside other things mentioned in the first comment of the question) common, as you said.
E.g. "to have sth. in common with so." = "etw. mit jmdm. gemein haben"
But gemeinsam means together. So I disagree with the above answer. "etw. gemeinsam haben" is "to have sth. together" and this is slightly different from "to have sth. in common" (= "etw. gemein haben")