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In canoo.net I had read that:

When (irgend)jemand and niemand are followed by a nominalized adjective, the neuter singular adjective form ending in –es can be used for all cases:

Jemand/Niemand Unbekanntes kam herein.

My questions:

  1. In this sentence: "Jemand Unbekanntes", Unbekanntes is an adjectival noun. What is the role of Jemand? Is it an adjective? A pronoun?

  2. Can we use jemand as an adjective, like "jemand Mann"?

  3. If jemand comes after the determiner, how is it declined? Example: "Solch ein Jemand ist unserer Beobachtung wert". Is it declined like an adjective?

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    The answer for 2. is definitely no.
    – πάντα ῥεῖ
    Mar 29, 2018 at 4:33
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    Could the question-closers tell the OP, where does the needed information appear in the "dictionary, thesaurus, or conjugation table" ? To me, this is a completely valid (and interesting) question. Wrong assumptions don't turn a post into a bad question.
    – c.p.
    Mar 29, 2018 at 10:49
  • @c.p. In jedem der folgenden Beispiellinks liest man sofort nach, dass jemand ein Indefinitpronomen ist: dwds.de/wb/jemand; duden.de/suchen/dudenonline/jemand; de.wiktionary.org/wiki/jemand; oder auf der vom OP favorisierten Plattform: canoo.net/services/…
    – Björn Friedrich
    Mar 29, 2018 at 13:00
  • Thanks for response, I know it is an indefinite pronoun, but some indefinite pronouns can also be adjective or noun or article and some can not, that is why I gave examples in sentences
    – orodeous
    Mar 29, 2018 at 15:27
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    @orodeous: "... some indefinite pronouns can also be adjective or noun or article ..." Can you give examples of indefinite pronouns that are also adjectives? I would be surprised if there were any.
    – Björn Friedrich
    Mar 29, 2018 at 19:28

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Answers:

In this sentence: Jemand Unbekanntes, Unbekanntes is an adjectival noun. What is the role of jemand? Is it an adjective? A pronoun?

Any grammar will tell you that jemand (and niemand) are indefinite pronouns. So, no adjective. Definitely not. (BTW: I don't like your term of an adjectival noun - Rather call it a substantivized adjective, because that is what it is.)

Can we use jemand as an adjective? like "jemand Mann"?

Also definitely not. You cannot use pronouns as adjectives.

If jemand comes after the determiner, how is it declined? Example: "solch ein Jemand ist unserer Beobachtung wert". Is it declined like an adjective?

Solch ein jemand is a grammatical oxymoron and just about as wrong as "such an anyone". You cannot address a specific anyone. This would be possible with the Substantive "Niemand" (yes, the other indefinite pronoun has a substantivated counterpart, also like in English) such as in

Komm' mir bloß nicht auf die Idee, so einen Niemand zu heiraten.

Meaning a person of no relevance. This does not apply to jemand, though.

And yes, in other situations, the indefinite pronouns niemand/jemand are declined, just like any other pronoun (but not like adjectives):

(N)Jemand muss das Geschirr abwaschen.

(G)Er wollte nicht jemandes Diener sein.

(D)Die Hausaufgaben habe ich bei jemandem in der Schule abgeschrieben.

(A)Ich muss heute abend noch dringend jemand(en) treffen.

But they are normally not declined if they come with a substantivized adjective that carries the declension (so it's either the pronoun that is declined or the substantivated adjective, but normally not both)

(G)Er wollte nicht jemand Unbekanntes Diener sein / jemandes Unbekannten (This is pretty uncommon)

(D)Die Hausaufgaben habe ich bei jemand Fleißigem abgeschrieben./ bei jemandem Fleißigen

(A)Ich muss jemand Reichen treffen. / jemanden Reichen

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  • I <3 your example sentence (D) :-D ...
    – πάντα ῥεῖ
    Mar 29, 2018 at 16:30
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    @πάνταῥεῖ Absolutely no pun intended. And I always tell the truth. And the Earth is a disk.
    – tofro
    Mar 29, 2018 at 16:48
  • "And the Earth is a disk." LOL!
    – πάντα ῥεῖ
    Mar 29, 2018 at 16:49
  • „Solch ein Jemand“ ist grammatikalisch schon ok. Nur den Text, für den das die richtige Stillebene ist, müsste man halt finden.
    – idmean
    Mar 29, 2018 at 20:33
  • @idmean Zumindest der Duden führt einen substantivischen Gebrauch nicht auf. Ich glaube auch nicht, dass es hier ein grammatikalisches, sondern eher ein logisches Problem gibt.
    – tofro
    Mar 29, 2018 at 22:29

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