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Article before preposition

I can not understand why before preposition there is article, preposition has not gender so how to choose it ? example: "der innerhalb" in these sentences:

Nach der neuen Regel soll Patienten innerhalb einer Woche ein Behandlungstermin in zumutbarer Entfernung vermittelt werden, der innerhalb der nächsten vier Wochen stattfindet.

Der innerhalb der Universität an der Wende vom 17. zum 18. Jahrhundert einsetzende Sprachenwechsel, die Ablösung des Gelehrtenlateins durch die Volkssprache, stellt kein isoliertes, auf rein Sprachliches zu reduzierendes Phänomen dar, [...].

maybe these DER are pronouns?

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    I'd say no, but I'm not 100% sure. But note that the articles der, die and das can also be used as pronouns. Source (german site)
    – user31800
    Commented Apr 18, 2018 at 7:09

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In the first sentence "der" is not an article, it's a relative pronoun and means "which".

Another example:

Ein kleines Haus, das zwischen den Bäumen gebaut wurde - a small house which was built between the trees.

In the second sentence "der" is an article indeed but it relates to "Sprachenwechsel", not to "innerhalb". The whole part "innerhalb der Universität an der Wende vom 17. zum 18. Jahrhundert einsetzende" is an attributive phrase. You can think of it as of an adjective:

Der Sprachenwechsel-> (der neue Sprachenwechsel) -> der innerhalb der Universität an der Wende vom 17. zum 18. Jahrhundert einsetzende Sprachenwechsel

BTW where does the second sentence come from? It's not complete and ends in the middle.

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  • thanks very much, the sentence I found by a Google search
    – orodeous
    Commented Apr 18, 2018 at 7:21

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