There are two different pronunciations for »schreiben« but non of them contains a vowel in its last syllable. Both contain a vocalized consonant. The two variations are:
When ever the consonant before an unstressed »∙en« at the end of a word is a stop-consonant, then the syllable is pronounced with a vocalized [n]. In some cases there is an additional second variation, either with a vocalized [m], a vocalized [ŋ] or a schwa. But the version with a vocalized [n] is always correct too.
Stop-consonants are:
- voiced: b, d, g
- voiceless: p, t, k
∙ben, ∙pen
If the last syllabe is an unstressed »∙ben« it is pronounced as [bn̩]:
- haben [ˈhaːbn̩]
- geben [ˈɡeːbn̩]
- leben [ˈleːbn̩]
- sterben [ˈʃtɛʁbn̩]
If immediately before this unstressed syllable is the diphthong [aɪ̯] (most often written as »ei«, rarely written as »ai«, very rarely written as »ey« or »ay«) then many speakers speak a vocalized [m] instead of the vocalized [n]:
- bleiben [ˈblaɪ̯bn̩], [ˈblaɪ̯bm̩]
- schreiben [ˈʃʀaɪ̯bn̩], [ˈʃʀaɪ̯bm̩]
- treiben [ˈtʀaɪ̯bn̩], [ˈtʀaɪ̯bm̩]
If the last syllabel is »∙pen« you also have a vocalized n, but sometimes you also find an additional version with a schwa or a vocalized m. But the vocalized n (without a real vowel) is always an option:
- stoppen [ˈʃtɔpn̩] [ˈʃtɔpən]
- Wappen [ˈvapn̩]
- schnappen [ˈʃnapn̩], [ˈʃnapm̩]
- pumpen [ˈpʊmpn̩]
- tippen [ˈtɪpn̩], [ˈtɪpm̩]
- dopen [ˈdoːpn̩]
- stülpen [ˈʃtʏlpn̩]
∙den, ∙ten
Always [n̩] for »∙den«:
- werden [ˈveːɐ̯dn̩]
- finden [ˈfɪndn̩]
- verschieden [fɛɐ̯ˈʃiːdn̩]
- scheiden [ˈʃaɪ̯dn̩]
- laden [ˈlaːdn̩]
- gründen [ˈɡʀʏndn̩]
and for »∙ten«, whereas you also can find a schwa sometimes:
- halten [ˈhaltn̩]
- richten [ˈʀɪçtn̩]
- bieten [ˈbiːtn̩], [ˈbiːtən]
- arbeiten [ˈaʁbaɪ̯tn̩]
- kosten [ˈkɔstn̩]
- selten [ˈzɛltn̩]
∙gen, ∙ken
Very similar is »∙gen«, but here you also can find a vocalized [ŋ] (ng in "sing")
- sagen [ˈzaːɡn̩], [ˈzaːɡŋ̩]
- gegen [ˈɡeːɡn̩], [ˈɡeːɡŋ̩]
- zeigen [ˈʦaɪ̯ɡn̩], [ˈʦaɪ̯ɡŋ̩]
- liegen [ˈliːɡn̩], [ˈliːɡŋ̩]
- sorgen [ˈzɔʁɡn̩]
»∙ken« also is spoken with vocalized n:
- wirken [ˈvɪʁkn̩]
- denken [ˈdɛŋkn̩]
- stecken [ˈʃtɛkn̩]
- drucken [ˈdʀʊkn̩]
- Rücken [ˈʀʏkn̩]
In comments you also asked for »Mädchen, Lenden, rechnen, laden« and »machen«:
»Lenden« and »laden« match the pattern above, so its:
- Lenden [ˈlɛndn̩], [ˈlɛndən]
- laden [ˈlaːdn̩]
»Mädchen« and »rechnen« do not match:
- Mädchen [ˈmɛːtçən]
- rechnen [ˈʀɛçnən]
But »∙chen« needs some more explanation, as you can see here:
The rule is: When ch in »∙chen« is spoken as [χ], then »∙chen« is pronounced as [χn̩] or [χŋ̩]. But when it is [ç], then it always is [çən]
Note, that »ch« can be pronounced as [ç] like in »ich« [ɪç] or as [χ] like in »ach« [aχ]. (That's why those consonants are called *»Ich-Laut« and »Ach-Laut«)
Rule of thumb:
- [ç] comes after e, i, ei, ai and eu (Pech, ich, Teich, Laich, euch)
- [χ] comes after a, o, u and au (Dach, doch, Buch, auch)
But when ch is in the diminutive-postfix »∙chen«, it is always pronounced as [ç], regardless of whatever stands before it.
Compare with
- rauchen [ˈʀaʊ̯χn̩], [ˈʀaʊ̯χŋ̩]