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When I was learning German, the teacher told me a rule for the Perfekt tense:
You conjugate the verb "haben" first and then add the Partizip Perfekt at the end.
An example such as
Sie hat an der Universität Moderne Sprachen studiert
satisfied my teacher's idea.
However, when I was reading a sentence today, this order did not take place.
Der Freund, der die Pasta gekocht hat, heißt Moses.
I was wondering, is the relativpronomen "der" causing this order to change? And, why is this the case?
Going by the position of the finite verb, German has three types of sentences: verb first, verb second and verb final. Each sentence type has multiple uses, but let's look at the basic ones.
V1: yes-no questions, imperative sentences
Hat sie studiert?
Bring mir mal bitte ein Bier!
V2: declarative sentences, wh-questions
Sie hat moderne Sprachen studiert. Gestern haben wir Pasta gegessen.
Was hat sie studiert?
V-final: subordinate sentences (introduced by a conjunction, a relative phrase or a wh-phrase)
Ihm ist schlecht, weil er zu viel gegessen hat.
Wie heißt das Fach, das sie studiert hat?
Ich weiß nicht, wer das entschieden hat.
Non-finite verbs and verbal particles are always placed at the end of the sentence.
Wir haben gestern Pizza gegessen.
Musst du am Wochenende arbeiten?
Er ruft jedes Wochenende seine Eltern an.
Hör mir doch bitte zu!
In short, your teacher's rule works for V1 and V2, but not for V-final clauses.
