What is the difference between these two words for "fall"? On a website I read the following:
Halten Sie das Baby immer so sicher, daß es auf keinen Fall stürzen kann.
Would the word "fallen" also work here?
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Sign up to join this communityWhat is the difference between these two words for "fall"? On a website I read the following:
Halten Sie das Baby immer so sicher, daß es auf keinen Fall stürzen kann.
Would the word "fallen" also work here?
Stürzen is mostly used in connection with human beings...
Sie ist die Treppe hinunter gestürzt.
Ich bin letzte Woche vom Fahrrad gestürzt.
Fallen can be used for various kinds of things, while the verb appears quite often with a prefix attached to it such as hinfallen (synonym for stürzen), umfallen (to fall over or to collapse),...
Sei vorsichtig, dass du nicht hinfällst.
Die Mülltonne ist durch den Windstoß umgefallen.
(Ps: 'daß' is no longer used, please use the new spelling 'dass' instead)
fallen
has the most general meaning, that's why it's used in physics: freier Fall
=free fall
.
stürzen
is used for falls including other movements or forces:
Die Treppe hinunterstürzen. ⇒ Several rolls are included.
Sturzflug. ⇒ The animal or airplane is even accelerating the fall by itself.
Den Kuchen stürzen. ⇒ One half roll or an acceleration and a stop are included.
stürzen
can regionally also have the general meaning of fallen
.
hinfallen
, umfallen
, herunter fallen
and herab fallen
specify some aspects of the fall:
hinfallen
: short fall out of a movement to a drob on the groundumfallen
: fall from standing to lyingherunter fallen
, herab fallen
: fall downward (tautology, because all falls go downward)From these, only herunter fallen
and herab fallen
are suitable, but herab fallen
is not used in this context.
Conclusion:
fallen
(see chirlu's answer) and herunter fallen
are the best alternatives. stürzen
would only regionally be used. An alternative construction would be:
Halten Sie das Baby immer sicher und lassen sie es nicht/auf keinen Fall (herunter) fallen.
One reason not to use fallen here: The combination “… auf keinen Fall fallen …” sounds strange due to the repeated syllable. Apart from this, it is probably acceptable in your sentence, although I would prefer herunterfallen over both fallen and stürzen.
Where the denotations of fallen and stürzen overlap, I think fallen is more neutral, whereas stürzen suggests that the fall was unintentional and dangerous. Both verbs have additional meanings where they can’t be interchanged. Also, fallen can never be used as transitive verb.
to hurry:
Sie stürzte nach Hause.
to cause sth. to fall, to upend (also figuratively):
Sie stürzten die Statue von ihrem Sockel.
Sie wollten den Präsidenten stürzen.
to turn out the cake:
Den Kuchen stürzen und mit Puderzucker bestreuen.
For some reason, you can’t use fallen here:
Sie ist mit dem Fahrrad/mit dem Motorrad gestürzt.
to decline:
Die Arbeitslosenzahlen fallen weiter.
to be killed in action:
Mein Großvater ist im Zweiten Weltkrieg gefallen.
fallen
is neutral as a matter of fact. Stürzen
has a negative connotation, e.g. reasoned by accident and with an unexpected speed.