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Using "Fräulein" to address a young girl (I'd say up to around 10 years old) does not carry the same generally offensive connotations to me that it would it used for women or older girls. However, it is not common usage. If your interest is for personal use in interpersonal communication, I would recommend against it.
There are two contemporary ...
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Answers to this can only be largely opinion-based, so this is only my perspective, I think "Fräulein" or, better, "junges Fräulein" is still fine as a half-funny old-fashioned sounding address for a child. However, the term is a bit loaded, and some more feminist parents might not like it. Children might not even know the word.
An easy ...
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Das betrifft alle Namen von Sprachen oder Unterrichts- bzw. Studienfächern, die auf -isch enden (Kirgisisch, Französisch, Russisch, Arabisch, ...), hier dargestellt am Beispiel Englisch:
Es gibt zwei Formen des Substantivs:
(das) Englisch
das Englische
Die Form 2 kann nur gemeinsam mit einem bestimmten Artikel verwendet werden, die Form 1 wird entweder ...
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unterwegs sein
is the only expression (out of all your examples) that sounds good in my native german ears.
umgehn, belaufen
are just wrong.
walzen
may be a regional thing. I never heard of it in the sense that you are talking about.
streunen, stromern
is what dogs do.
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Beide Formen mögen sprachlich korrekt sein, allerdings sind beide sehr selten. Der Genitiv des substantivierten Adjektivs wird um Größenordnungen häufiger verwendet.
"Des Englischs" wird in der Realität praktisch nicht verwendet, wohl weil die Aussprache recht mühsam für die meisten Muttersprachler ist. Ich selbst tue mich jedenfalls schwer damit. ...
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A helpful rule of thumb is that you tend to refer to persons with personal pronouns ("zu ihr") and to things, actions, concepts etc. with compound adverbs ("dazu"). This implies that the example sentence would be better off using "dazu", and indeed I find that as written it sounds slightly off.
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