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David Vogt
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These sentences differ along two dimensions: Firstly, with regard to what kind of auxiliary werden they have, and second, with regard to the context.

German has different kinds of werden. Looking only at the auxiliaries, we have:

  • future auxiliary wird (+ infinitive)

  • subjunctive auxiliary würde (+ infinitive)

  • passive auxiliary wird, wurde, würde (+ past participle)

Of these, only the passive auxiliary occurs in all tenses and moods.

In the second sentence, we have the passive auxiliary in the past indicative.

Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke selten überschwemmt wurde.

There is nothing that would license a subjunctive here.*

This is different for the first sentence.

Er rechnete sich aus, daß das Wasser ihn auf dem Weg berühren würde.

As sich ausrechnen indicates, the sentence is about reported thought. Here, würde is the subjunctive auxiliary. Its function is to represent the future auxiliary in the context of reported thought (erlebte Rede; see this excellent answer). The matching direct sentence would be:

Brunetti rechnete sich aus: "Das Wasser wird mich auf dem Weg berühren."


* Würde as a combined subjunctive and passive auxiliary or werden würde with the functions split among the two words is possible if we change the context.

Der Ingenieur überlegte. Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke wohl kaum überschwemmt würde / werden würde.

This reports the engineer's expectations in a similar fashion to the first sentence above.

These sentences differ along two dimensions: Firstly, with regard to what kind of auxiliary werden they have, and second, with regard to the context.

German has different kinds of werden. Looking only at the auxiliaries, we have:

  • future auxiliary wird (+ infinitive)

  • subjunctive auxiliary würde (+ infinitive)

  • passive auxiliary wird, wurde, würde (+ past participle)

Of these, only the passive auxiliary occurs in all tenses and moods.

In the second sentence, we have the passive auxiliary in the past indicative.

Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke selten überschwemmt wurde.

There is nothing that would license a subjunctive here.*

This is different for the first sentence.

Er rechnete sich aus, daß das Wasser ihn auf dem Weg berühren würde.

As sich ausrechnen indicates, the sentence is about reported thought. Here, würde is the subjunctive auxiliary. Its function is to represent the future auxiliary in the context of reported thought. The matching direct sentence would be:

Brunetti rechnete sich aus: "Das Wasser wird mich auf dem Weg berühren."


* Würde as a combined subjunctive and passive auxiliary or werden würde with the functions split among the two words is possible if we change the context.

Der Ingenieur überlegte. Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke wohl kaum überschwemmt würde / werden würde.

This reports the engineer's expectations in a similar fashion to the first sentence above.

These sentences differ along two dimensions: Firstly, with regard to what kind of auxiliary werden they have, and second, with regard to the context.

German has different kinds of werden. Looking only at the auxiliaries, we have:

  • future auxiliary wird (+ infinitive)

  • subjunctive auxiliary würde (+ infinitive)

  • passive auxiliary wird, wurde, würde (+ past participle)

Of these, only the passive auxiliary occurs in all tenses and moods.

In the second sentence, we have the passive auxiliary in the past indicative.

Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke selten überschwemmt wurde.

There is nothing that would license a subjunctive here.*

This is different for the first sentence.

Er rechnete sich aus, daß das Wasser ihn auf dem Weg berühren würde.

As sich ausrechnen indicates, the sentence is about reported thought. Here, würde is the subjunctive auxiliary. Its function is to represent the future auxiliary in the context of reported thought (erlebte Rede; see this excellent answer). The matching direct sentence would be:

Brunetti rechnete sich aus: "Das Wasser wird mich auf dem Weg berühren."


* Würde as a combined subjunctive and passive auxiliary or werden würde with the functions split among the two words is possible if we change the context.

Der Ingenieur überlegte. Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke wohl kaum überschwemmt würde / werden würde.

This reports the engineer's expectations in a similar fashion to the first sentence above.

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David Vogt
  • 27.3k
  • 2
  • 43
  • 95

These sentences differ along two dimensions: Firstly, with regard to what kind of auxiliary werden they have, and second, with regard to the context.

German has different kinds of werden. Looking only at the auxiliaries, we have:

  • future auxiliary wird (+ infinitive)

  • subjunctive auxiliary würde (+ infinitive)

  • passive auxiliary wird, wurde, würde (+ past participle)

Of these, only the passive auxiliary occurs in all tenses and moods.

In the second sentence, we have the passive auxiliary in the past indicative.

Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke selten überschwemmt wurde.

There is nothing that would license a subjunctive here.*

This is different for the first sentence.

Er rechnete sich aus, daß das Wasser ihn auf dem Weg berühren würde.

As sich ausrechnen indicates, the sentence is about reported thought. Here, würde is the subjunctive auxiliary. Its function is to represent the future auxiliary in the context of reported thought. The matching direct sentence would be:

Brunetti rechnete sich aus: "Das Wasser wird mich auf dem Weg berühren."


* Würde as a combined subjunctive and passive auxiliary or werden würde with the functions split among the two words is possible if we change the context.

Der Ingenieur überlegte. Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke wohl kaum überschwemmt würde / werden würde.

This reports the engineer's expectations in a similar fashion to the first sentence above.

These sentences differ along two dimensions: Firstly, with regard to what kind of auxiliary werden they have, and second, with regard to the context.

German has different kinds of werden. Looking only at the auxiliaries, we have:

  • future auxiliary wird (+ infinitive)

  • subjunctive auxiliary würde (+ infinitive)

  • passive auxiliary wird, wurde, würde (+ past participle)

Of these, only the passive auxiliary occurs in all tenses and moods.

In the second sentence, we have the passive auxiliary in the past indicative.

Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke selten überschwemmt wurde.

There is nothing that would license a subjunctive here.*

This is different for the first sentence.

Er rechnete sich aus, daß das Wasser ihn auf dem Weg berühren würde.

As sich ausrechnen indicates, the sentence is about reported thought. Here, würde is the subjunctive auxiliary. Its function is to represent the future auxiliary in the context of reported thought. The matching direct sentence would be:

Brunetti rechnete sich aus: "Das Wasser wird mich auf dem Weg berühren."


* Würde as a combined subjunctive and passive auxiliary is possible if we change the context.

Der Ingenieur überlegte. Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke wohl kaum überschwemmt würde.

This reports the engineer's expectations in a similar fashion to the first sentence above.

These sentences differ along two dimensions: Firstly, with regard to what kind of auxiliary werden they have, and second, with regard to the context.

German has different kinds of werden. Looking only at the auxiliaries, we have:

  • future auxiliary wird (+ infinitive)

  • subjunctive auxiliary würde (+ infinitive)

  • passive auxiliary wird, wurde, würde (+ past participle)

Of these, only the passive auxiliary occurs in all tenses and moods.

In the second sentence, we have the passive auxiliary in the past indicative.

Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke selten überschwemmt wurde.

There is nothing that would license a subjunctive here.*

This is different for the first sentence.

Er rechnete sich aus, daß das Wasser ihn auf dem Weg berühren würde.

As sich ausrechnen indicates, the sentence is about reported thought. Here, würde is the subjunctive auxiliary. Its function is to represent the future auxiliary in the context of reported thought. The matching direct sentence would be:

Brunetti rechnete sich aus: "Das Wasser wird mich auf dem Weg berühren."


* Würde as a combined subjunctive and passive auxiliary or werden würde with the functions split among the two words is possible if we change the context.

Der Ingenieur überlegte. Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke wohl kaum überschwemmt würde / werden würde.

This reports the engineer's expectations in a similar fashion to the first sentence above.

Source Link
David Vogt
  • 27.3k
  • 2
  • 43
  • 95

These sentences differ along two dimensions: Firstly, with regard to what kind of auxiliary werden they have, and second, with regard to the context.

German has different kinds of werden. Looking only at the auxiliaries, we have:

  • future auxiliary wird (+ infinitive)

  • subjunctive auxiliary würde (+ infinitive)

  • passive auxiliary wird, wurde, würde (+ past participle)

Of these, only the passive auxiliary occurs in all tenses and moods.

In the second sentence, we have the passive auxiliary in the past indicative.

Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke selten überschwemmt wurde.

There is nothing that would license a subjunctive here.*

This is different for the first sentence.

Er rechnete sich aus, daß das Wasser ihn auf dem Weg berühren würde.

As sich ausrechnen indicates, the sentence is about reported thought. Here, würde is the subjunctive auxiliary. Its function is to represent the future auxiliary in the context of reported thought. The matching direct sentence would be:

Brunetti rechnete sich aus: "Das Wasser wird mich auf dem Weg berühren."


* Würde as a combined subjunctive and passive auxiliary is possible if we change the context.

Der Ingenieur überlegte. Die Gegend lag so hoch, daß die Brücke wohl kaum überschwemmt würde.

This reports the engineer's expectations in a similar fashion to the first sentence above.