What is the difference between these verbs which express "to restrict", "to limit" in German: einschränken, beschränken, eingrenzen, begrenzen, einengen? My conclusions so far:
- einschränken= "to restrict" = "to reduce". Caused deliberately by sb. or his actions (eg. decree), a government, a company, etc
- beschränken = "to limit" = "to set a limit (often a point) for sth., beyond which there will be a penalty or undesirable consequences". Caused deliberately or by the inherent nature of things (eg rain, land, water)
- as setting a limit implicitly defines a restriction, the 2 verbs may be used interchangeably in most contexts. In some contexts, one of them is used more often (eg "to limit"/"beschränken" is more common with speed limits, "to restrict"/"einschränken" with freedom and rights)
- einengen = to restrict movement or space (concrete meaning), to reduce the scope (= narrow down), to restrict (abstract meaning)
- begrenzen = to limit/restrict, to border
- eingrenzen = to enclose, to reduce the number of possibilities or the scope of sth. ( = to narrow down)
Is that right? Here are some examples and my corresponding guesses:
The government limited / restricted the max speed in all highways to 100 km/h = Die Regierung hat die Höchstgeschwindigkeit auf allen Schnellstraßen auf 100 km/h begrenzt / beschränkt.
We have limited / restricted our stay to one week = Wir haben unseren Aufenthalt auf eine Woche begrenzt / beschränkt.
Dictators always restrict people's rights. = Diktatoren begrenzen / grenzen /engen / schränken immer die Rechte der Menschen (ein).
The new decree restricted freedom of speech. = Das neue Dekret hat die Redefreiheit begrenzt / eingegrenzt / eingeengt / eingeschränkt.
The new jacket restricted him. (it is very tight) = Die neue Jacke hat ihn etwas eingeengt.
We limited / restricted our consumption of milk to 5 liters per week. = Wir haben unseren Verbrauch auf 5 Liter pro Woche begrenzt / beschränkt.
This poor soil limits what can be planted here. = Dieser schlechte Boden begrenzt / grenzt / engt / beschränkt / schränkt (ein), was hier gepflanzt werden kann.