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Related: Is something "kaputt" just broken or completely ruined?

Do people actually use the word "kaputt" in conversation, or would this be a strange thing to say? For example, if I recently got a serious knee injury, would it be acceptable to say something like "mein Knie ist kaputt"? (For context, the injury is fixable but will likely require surgical repair).

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  • Answers in comments and extended discussion about the meaning of kaputt have been been moved to chat. Please post another comment only when you have suggestions how to improve the question or to link to other relevant resources.
    – Wrzlprmft ♦
    Commented Mar 20, 2019 at 6:39

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Do people actually use the word “kaputt” in conversation?

It is definitely the preferred word used by native speakers to say that something is broken in spoken language (both formal and informal). I think in 99% of all cases a native speaker would use the word "kaputt" to say that some thing is defect.

This is also true for informal written language (such as e-mail among friends). However, in formal written language (e.g. a letter to an insurance company) you would use other words.

In formal written language you would use "defekt" (which means: It does not work as expected) or you would say that something is "nicht in Ordnung" (which means: "not OK"). You would also tend to use expressions that describe more specifically how exactly something is "broken" - For example by writing that your car has problems with the engine instead of saying that your car is "broken".

mein Knie ist kaputt

For context, the injury is fixable but will likely require surgical repair.

It is as well used for health context. Although usually not in serious context:

Ich bin total kaputt. (To be exhausted) Ich glaube mein Knie ist kaputt. (My knee hurts.)

I have already heard people saying that some parts of the body are "kaputt" really meaning that they are injured in a way that they cannot be healed any more.

However, normally you would use expressions that describe an injury more specifically when seriously speaking about health problems.

If the knee is not healthy due to a broken bone, for example, you'll say that the knee is "gebrochen". This word also translates to the word "broken" in English but it has another meaning:

  • The word "kaputt" means "broken" with the meaning that something is not OK, does not work correctly etc...
  • The word "gebrochen" (in this case) means that something (such as a bone) has broken into parts because of a strong force pressing/pushing against it
  • When some chain, string, rope breaks because of pulling to strong, you'll use the word "gerissen"
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    Also you might say "Ich bin total kaputt" when you are very, very tired (which obviously does not require surgery). That's even more informal, you would (or at least should) not use that in writing, but it's pretty common in conversation.
    – user2508
    Commented Mar 18, 2019 at 8:19
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    In informal language we use "im Arsch sein" more often than "kaputt" to complain about health issues.
    – steros
    Commented Mar 18, 2019 at 8:25
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    @steros I do not know the social background you are talking about, but "im Arsch sein" is considered vulgar language. In Austria, the word "hin" is often preferred over "kaputt": "Mein Knie ist hin."
    – rexkogitans
    Commented Mar 18, 2019 at 9:27
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    @steros I think it's considered vulgar, there's just a lot of offices where some vulgar expressions are acceptable. (My go-to check for vulgar is: Would I use that term with a member of the opposite sex of an older generation when I don't know their background?)
    – sgf
    Commented Mar 18, 2019 at 10:52
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    Less vulgar, but also very colloquial is im Eimer sein. Can be your back, your knee, your car, anything really that can be “broken” in some way.
    – Raketenolli
    Commented Mar 18, 2019 at 10:59
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Do people actually use the word "kaputt" in conversation, or would this be a strange thing to say?

Yes, it is frequently used. You can use the expression with all kinds of object, e.g. Auto, Notebook, Waschmaschine, Bilderrahmen.

For example, if I recently got a serious knee injury, would it be acceptable to say something like "mein Knie ist kaputt"? (For context, the injury is fixable but will likely require surgical repair).

dwds.de lists words that are often connected with kaputt (emphasis mine):

Aufzug Auspuff Bandscheibe Bremse Ehe Fahrrad Fahrstuhl Fensterscheibe Fernseher Gelenk Glühbirne Heizung Hüfte Klimaanlage Knie Knochen Kühlschrank Reifen Reißverschluß Rolltreppe Scheibe Spielzeug Straßenlaterne Type Waschmaschine Wirbelsäule Zahn lachen müde ziemlich

You can see that kaputt is regularly used to describe injuries.

There are also some idioms and common expressions with kaputt:

  • kaputt sein (to be very tired)
  • etwas kaputt machen (to damage/destroy something - in a wide sense: hope, mood, a business, someone's reputation,...)
  • sich kaputt lachen (to shake with laughter)
  • kaputte Ehe (a marriage that is close to falling apart)

Edit: There is one particular usage case that is not German. Hitler kaput (Гитлер капут) is a common Russian expression (and a comedy movie from 2008), but I've never heard kaputt referring to a person in German (apart from being tired).

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    I have to add here that "kaputt" is being used to refer to a person, at least in the Ruhr area: "Der Typ ist total kaputt" (literal: "That guy is totally defective"), meaning that that guy has life problems or psychological problems or physiological problems that are showing to a visible extent.
    – orithena
    Commented Mar 18, 2019 at 14:50
  • @orithena Interesting, now that you say that I also think one could casually say "das ist so'n total kaputter Penner" or similar to describe somebody in (not just temporarily) bad shape.
    – Peter - Reinstate Monica
    Commented Mar 18, 2019 at 17:47
  • what do you say for bremse?
    – BЈовић
    Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 10:42
  • "Die Bremse ist kaputt." Especially for a car where the brakes are getting thinner with time: "Die Bremse ist runter" (colloquial). More officially I'd say "Die Bremse ist nicht in Ordnung" or "… muss gemacht werden". "… muss repariert werden" is correct but sound a bit formal (like in court, for instance).
    – Alfe
    Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 15:46
  • Russians love this word. They also use it in conjunction with Hitler. So "Hitler kaputt" means something (anything really) has been broken beyond measure.
    – jayarjo
    Commented Mar 20, 2019 at 9:17
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Where I come from "kaputt" is widely used in several ways:

"Bisch du kaputt?" - Are you crazy? (jokingly)
"Mein Auto ist kaputt" - My car doesn't function anymore
"Ich bin echt kaputt" - I'm really exhausted
"Mein Knie ist kaputt" - I can't use my knee well (jokingly)

In formal language it still can be used to say that something is defect/damaged but most of the times there are other words used, like "defekt/beschädigt".

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    Not to forget im A***h
    – yunzen
    Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 8:48
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    @yunzen although if your Knee is im A****, then that also conjures weird anatomical associations for some people
    – Sty
    Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 15:24
  • @Sty It's not in my A***h as far as I can tell :)
    – yunzen
    Commented Mar 20, 2019 at 7:55
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As the other answers state, kaputt is a very common word in conversation. In some dialects or subcultures, other words may be more common, such as hinüber / hin, im Eimer, and so on. Another extremely common way to express "is broken" is using a more descriptive phrase, like:

Mein Computer funktioniert nicht mehr. My PC does not work anymore.
Meine Uhr ist stehen geblieben. My watch has stopped ticking.
Die Vase ist zerbrochen. The vase has shattered.

Using "kaputt" for a health issue would be less common. "Ich bin kaputt" just means I'm exhausted (either tired or just recovering from exertion). "Mein Knie ist kaputt" would mean I can't use the knee for a while, or forever. So it can only be used for body parts where the "use" of the part is relatively straightforward: Knees yes, but not something unspecific like the stomach or something "useless" like a toe.

To broadly describe an injury to any body part, you can use:

Mein Knie ist verletzt. My knee is injured
Mein Handgelenk macht Probleme. My wrist causes me trouble.
Meine Schulter schmerzt. My shoulder hurts.

Or reverse, even more German:

Ich habe eine Verletzung am Knie.
Ich habe Probleme mit meinem Handgelenk.
Ich habe Schmerzen an der Schulter.

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  • So it can only be used for body parts where the "use" of the part is relatively straightforward: Knees yes, but not something unspecific like the stomach or something "useless" like a toe. -- I have to disagree. I'd say that "Magen ist kaputt" or "Zeh ist kaputt" is being in use, at least in the Ruhr area.
    – orithena
    Commented Mar 18, 2019 at 14:53
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In German you can use "kaputt" for almost all of these mentioned cases. Something is broken means "kaputt". A window can be "kaputt". That's the normal use but there are other usages as well.

"Die Beziehung ist kaputt." The relationship is over. "Ihr Leben ist kaputt." Her life went down. "Ich bin kaputt." I'm exhausted. "Das ist sowas von kaputt!" That's totally insane!

You take "kaputt" or "kaputt + gehen" to emphasize the negativity of the situation. Something went wrong. Something is over and will never be the same. But you can't say "Das Jobangebot ist kaputt." (The job offer is kaput) That wouldn't make sense. I think there isn't an equal translation in German words that would be in the same way like the English phrase. But you can say "Ich hab den Job nicht bekommen." I haven't got the job. "Ich hab das Jobangebot vermasselt." I screwed up the job offer.

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To say I am "kaputt", regarding the first marathon, mentioned before, is correct and usual. To say my knee is "kaputt" is not really correct usage, cause it regards a bit too much to mechanical things broken, which of course can be meant symbolic. Additionally, it is a kind of picky, to use "kaputt" in engineering-like areas, but usual, if you are in surroundings of ironical speech.

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  • Inwiefern ist ein Knie nichts Mechanisches? Ist das eine Art religiöses Bekenntnis und betrifft nur Menschen oder bezieht sich das auch auf Tiere? Schon mal ein Anatomiebuch in der Hand gehabt? Ein Sportler, dem Du sagst sein Knie sei nur symbolisch kaputt, wird Dir wohl was husten.
    – user unknown
    Commented Apr 26, 2020 at 23:00

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